401. The observations to be made on a patient with cardiac failure include
I. Blood pressure
II. Weight
III. Intake and output
IV.Bowel movement
A. I and III only
B. I, III and IV only
C. I, II and III only
D. I, II and IV only
402. The cause of elephantiasis may be
A. Filarial
B. Bacterial
C. Fungal
D. Idiopathic
403. The flaring of the alae nasi in an individual with bronchial asthma is probably a manifestation of
A. Acute anxiety
B.Inspiration difficulty
C. Physical exhaustion
D. Respiratory acidosis
404. The main intracellular cation is
A. Na+
B. Ca+
C. Mg+
D.K+
405. Which of the following organs play a major role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance?
A. Kidneys
B. Adrenal gland
C. Liver
D. Skin
406.
When the solutions on both sides of a permeable membrane have
established equilibrium or are equal in concentration, they are said to
be
A.
Hypertonic B.Isotonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Normotonic
407. When a solution contains a lower concentration of salt than the other solutions, it is
A. Hypertonic
B. Isotonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Normotonic
408. Extracellular fluid basically contains
A. Transcellular and interstitial
B. Third space and interstitial
C. Plasma and interstitial
D. Intracellular and transcellular
409. The force of fluid pressing outward against some surfaces is known as
A. Filtration force
B.Hydrostatic force
C. Osmotic force
D. Diffusion
410.
A nurse is caring for a client with suspected diagnosis of
hypocalcaemiA. Which of the following signs would not be an indication
of this diagnosis?
A. Hypotonicity of the muscles
B. Twitching
C. Hyperactice bowel sounds
D. Positive Trousseau’s sign
411. Which of the following food items contains the least amount of calcium
A. Butter
B. Milk
C. Spinach
D. Broccoli
412. Which of the following is a hypotonic intravenous solution
A. 0,45% saline
B. 5% dextrose
C. 10% dextrose
D. 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline
413.
What is the tonicity of intravenous Ringer’s Lactate solution? A. Normotonic
B.Isotonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Hypertonic
414.
A physician documents approximately 500mls of insensible fluid loss per
day in a patient progress notes. The nurse understands that this type
of fluid loss can occur through
A. G I tract
B.Urinary output
C. Wound drainage
D. The skin
415. Community pneumonia occurs within the first…………… of hospitalisation
A. 24 hours
B. Week
C. 48 hours
D. Two weeks
416. The closure or collapse of the alveoli is known as
A. Atelectasis
B. Arteriosclerosis
C. Epistaxis
D. Sleep apnoea
417. The bluish colouration of the skin in respiratory condition is known as
A. Clubbing
B. Dyspnoea
C. Haemoptysis
D.Cyanosis
418. Red blood cell production is controlled by
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Spleen
419. A client with pyrexia would demonstrate
A. Dyspnoea
B. Elevated blood pressure
C. Increased pulse rate
D. Precordial pain
420. Which of the following is not undertaken to assess fluid status?
A. Abdominal girth
B. Daily weight
C. Intake and output
D.Elevation of lower extremities
421. Paracentesis is the removal of fluid (ascites) from the
A. Abdominal cavity
B.Peritoneal cavity
C. Peritoneum
D. Pleural cavity
422. The following are functions of liver except
A. Conversion of glucose to glycogen
B. Deamination of amino acid
C. Storage of vitamin B6
D.Synthesis of vitamin A
423. Normal renal function is necessary for the maintenance of
A. Bicarbonates
B. Calcium
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
424. Assessment of pain in a patient involves the following except
A. Determining whether the pain is severe
B. Identifying the factors that influence the pain and the patient’s response
C. Observing the patient’s behavioural response
D.Determining whether the pain is acute or chronic
425. Which of the following conditions is often referred to as a “silent killer”?
A. Cerebrovascular accident
B.Congestive heart failure
C. Hypertension
D. Chronic renal failure
426. Which of the following enzymes is present in the small intestines?
A. Chemotrypsinogen
B.Enterokinase
C. Peptides
D. Erepsin
427. Which of the following cannot be digested by humans?
A. Glycogen
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. Collagen
428. Hyperthyroidism is characterised by
A. Increased bone ressorption
B.Elevated serum phosphate
C. Increased neuromuscular activity
D. A and C
429. Adrenal insufficiency is the same as
A. Myxoedema
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Phaechromocytoma
D.Addison’s disease
430. Hypothyroidism is characterised by
A. Sweating
B. Fluid retention
C. High respiratory rate
D. Pulse rate increased
431. Signs and symptoms of myxoedema include
A. Intolerance of heat
B.Dry skin
C. Sweating
D. Hair loss
432. Simple goitre can be prevented through dietary intake of
A. Fresh water fish
B. Cabbage
C. Iodised salt
D. Antithyroid agents
433. The major clinical feature that brings clients with acute pancreatitis to the hospital is
A. Severe abdominal pain
B. Severe headache
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Oedema
434. Chronic pancreatitis is usually due to
I. Alcohol consumption
II. Increased consumption of protein
III. Malnutrition
IV.Narcotic use
A. I and II
B.I and III
C. II and IV
D. III and IV
435. In planning a diet for a patient with diabetes mellitus, the percentage of fat required is
A. 12 – 20%
B.Less than 30%
C. 50 – 60%
D. More than 60%
436. The following are all complications of diabetes mellitus except
A. Retinopathy
B. Nephropathy
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D.Myxoedema coma
437. Which of the following is a manifestation of tetany?
A. Hypercalcaemia
B.Hypocalcaemia
C. Hyponatraemia
D. Hypernatraemia
438. In diabetes insipidus, polyuria is as a result of
A. Deficiency in vasopressin secretion
B. Excessive antidiuretic hormone
C. Excessive fluid intake
D. Increased appetite
439.
The nurse assists the patient with dietary management of diabetes
mellitus with the knowledge that diabetic diet is designed
A. To be used only for type 1 diabetes
B. For use during periods of high stress
C. To normalise blood glucose through a balanced diet
D. To normalise blood glucose by elimination of sugar
440. An important nursing intervention when caring for a client with Cushing’s Syndrome is to
A. Restrict protein intake
B. Observe for signs of hypotension
C. Protect the patient from exposure to infections
D. Administer corticosteroids in equal doses
441. In developing a plan of care for a patient with Grave’s disease, a nurse would include in the plan of care
A. Provision of three small meals per day
B. Provide patient with extra blanket
C. Provide a restful environment
D. Provide high fibre diet
442. The skin perform the following functions except
A. Protects the internal organs
B.Permits microorganisms through it
C. Maintains a stable normal environment
D. Prevents excessive loos of heat
443. Where are the nerves controlling the respiratory centre situated?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons varoli
444. Which of the following cartilages is the most prominent part of the larynx?
A. Arytenoids cartilage
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Epiglottis
D. Thyroid cartilage
445. Pepsin starts the digestion of which of the following in the stomach?
A. Carbohydrates
B.Proteins
C. Fats
D. Mineral salt
446. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and the
A. Aorta
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Portal vein
D. Hepatic duct
447. Micturition occurs as a result of
I. Decrease pressure in the pelvic
II. Contractions of muscular wall of the bladder
III. Reflex relaxation of the internal sphincter
IV.Voluntary relaxation of the external sphincter
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I, II and IV only
D.II, III and IV only
448. Interchange of gases in the lungs takes place in the
A. Alveoli
B. Bronchioles
C. Lobe
D. Lobule
449. Which of the following is not part of the root of the teeth?
A. Dentine
B.Cement
C. Pulp
D. Enamel
450. The processes involved in the formation of urine include the following Except
A. Secretion
B. Selective absorption
C. Micturition
D. Filtration
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