Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries remains consistently elevated, making the heart work harder to circulate blood throughout the body. It is often called a “silent killer” because it may cause no noticeable symptoms while gradually damaging blood vessels and vital organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. Common risk factors include aging, obesity, excessive salt intake, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and a family history of the condition. If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious complications such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, and vision loss. Management typically involves lifestyle changes—including a healthy diet, regular exercise, weight control, and reduced sodium intake—and, when necessary, medications prescribed by a healthcare professional.
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