Guidelines for conducting Physical Examination
To conduct effective physical exam, the following guidelines must be adhered to:
- Explain to the client that you want to conduct physical examination on him to ascertain how the various systems of the body are functioning.
- The nurse must also explain to the client where the examination will take place and what will happen during the procedure
- Reassure the client that all information gathered and documented during the examination will be kept confidential
- Ensure that the client’s urinary bladder is emptied before the exam to make him feel relaxed, and also, to avoid interference during palpation of the abdomen.
- Determine which positions are conducive to be assumed by the client
- Ensure that the room is well illuminated to enhance inspection
- Avoid unnecessary noise in the environment, which could hinder hearing
- Make sure all instruments that may be needed for the examination are assembled on a tray or trolley to guarantee smooth examination
- Ensure privacy to boost the client’s confidence of confidentiality
- Avoid unnecessary exposure of the client; only examining part should be exposed at a time
- Avoid unnecessary touching during the exam
- Be a good listener to avoid unnecessary delays in listening to sounds
- Avoid unprofessional facial expressions during the procedure
- The nurse must wash and dry hands before and after conducting physical examination
- Communicate findings to the client if possible
- Make patient comfortable and thank him for his co-operation after the procedure
- Document findings
Techniques or methods of Physical Examination
There are four main techniques used in performing the physical examination. These are:
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Percussion
- Auscultation
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