A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys, most commonly caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli. UTIs are classified as lower urinary tract infections (cystitis/urethritis) or upper urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis), with symptoms varying by location. Common signs include burning during urination, frequent urination, urgency, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and sometimes fever or flank pain if the kidneys are involved. Risk factors include female anatomy, urinary obstruction, catheter use, and compromised immunity. Diagnosis is usually made through urinalysis and urine culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, along with hydration and symptom management, while recurrent or complicated UTIs may require further evaluation to identify underlying causes.
Objectives
- Describe what constitutes UTI
- Explain the aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathophysiology and management of various types of UTI
- Describe nursing management for clients experiencing UTI
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