Glomerular diseases are a group of disorders that primarily affect the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units of the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. These diseases can be classified as primary, originating within the kidneys (e.g., minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy), or secondary, resulting from systemic conditions such as diabetes, lupus, or infections. They often disrupt the normal filtration barrier, leading to proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hematuria (blood in urine), edema, and sometimes impaired kidney function. The underlying mechanisms may involve immune-mediated injury, inflammation, or structural damage to the glomeruli. Diagnosis typically involves urine tests, blood tests for kidney function, and sometimes kidney biopsy. Management depends on the cause and severity, including immunosuppressive therapy, blood pressure control, and supportive care to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease.
Objectives
- By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to do the following:
- Describe the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis of glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome
- Discuss the management associated with these disorders
- Explain with rational, the nursing responsibilities for these conditions
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